Kwihlabathi elikhawulezayo lamaqonga edijithali, imigaqo-nkqubo yokumodareyithwa komxholo yindawo yedabi apho inkululeko yokuthetha, ukhuseleko lwabasebenzisi, kunye nomdla wezorhwebo zingqubana. I-YouTube, isigebenga sevidiyo ekwi-intanethi, isandula ukuba sembindini wengxoxo emva kweengxelo ezicebisa inguqu ebalulekileyo, kodwa ethe cwaka, kwindlela yayo yokujonga le bhalansi ibuthathaka. Ngokwengxelo yokuqala eyenziwe * I-New York Times *, i-YouTube iye yaphumla ngaphakathi izikhokelo zayo, iyalela iimodareyitha zayo ukuba zingasusi umxholo othile othi, ngelixa unokuba nemida okanye ukwaphula imigaqo yeqonga, kuthathwa ngokuba "kumdla woluntu." Olu hlengahlengiso, oluqale ukusebenza kuDisemba ophelileyo, luphakamisa imibuzo enzulu malunga nekamva lokumodareyitha kwi-Intanethi kunye neziphumo ezinokuthi zibekho zokubeka phambili ukusasazwa ngaphezu kokuqulatha ingozi.
Ujiko lwangaphakathi kunye noLungiselelo "loMdla woLuntu"
Iindaba zokuba uYouTube uye wakhulula imigaqo-nkqubo yakhe azizange zize ngesibhengezo sikawonke-wonke, kodwa zikhutshwe kwiingxelo zeendaba ezisekelwe kwimithombo yangaphakathi. Olu hlobo lobulumko lotshintsho, ngokwalo, luyamangalisa. Ibonisa ukuba iqonga linokuthi liyazi ingxabano isigqibo esinjalo esinokuvelisa. Undoqo wohlengahlengiso ulele ekufundiseni ababuyekezi ukuba balinganise "ixabiso lentetho yamahhala" yomxholo ngokuchasene "nomngcipheko wokulimala." Ukuba eyokuqala ibonwa njengephambili, umxholo unokuhlala ukwi-intanethi, nokuba ubususiwe ngaphambili.
Ukuthetheleleka ngale ndlela kubonakala kugxininiswe kwimbono ebonakala ilungile "yomdla woluntu." Ngokwethiyori, oku kunokukhusela amaxwebhu ajongana nezihloko ezinobuzaza, iingxoxo zezopolitiko eziphikisanayo, okanye iingxelo zophando ezityhila iinyaniso ezingathandekiyo. Nangona kunjalo, imizekelo ekhankanywe njengabanokuba ngabaxhamli bolu kuphumla, njengolwazi olungeyonyani lwezonyango kunye nentetho yentiyo, zezona ndawo zixhalabisa kakhulu impilo yoluntu, amalungelo oluntu, kunye neengcali zokhuseleko kwi-intanethi. Ulwazi lwezonyango, njengoko sibonile kabuhlungu ngexesha lo bhubhani, lunokuba neziphumo ezibulalayo zehlabathi lokwenyani. Intetho enentiyo, okwangoku, ayikhubekisi nje; idla ngokubeka isiseko socalucalulo, ukuxhaphaza, yaye, ekugqibeleni, nogonyamelo.
Umbuzo omkhulu ophakamayo ngulo: Ngubani ochaza ukuba yintoni na eyenza "inzala yoluntu," kwaye "ixabiso lenkululeko yokuthetha" lilinganiswa njani ngokufanelekileyo "nomngcipheko wokwenzakala"? Lo msebenzi unzima kakhulu kwaye uxhomekeke ngqo. Ukuthembela ekutolikeni kwabahlaziyi ngabanye, kwanokulandela izikhokelo zangaphakathi, kuvula umnyango wokungahambelani kunye nokungakhethi. Ngaphaya koko, isantya apho umxholo usasazeka kumaqonga amakhulu anjengeYouTube kuthetha ukuba kwanexesha elifutshane kwi-Intanethi linokwanela ukwenza ingozi enkulu ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe isigqibo sokugqibela.
Ibhalansi ethambileyo: I-Pendulum eJinga kakhulu?
Kangangeminyaka, iiplatifti ezinkulu zetekhnoloji ziye zazabalaza nomngeni wokumodareyitha umxholo kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Baye bagxekwa bobabini ngokuba ngqongqo kakhulu, ukuvalela amazwi asemthethweni okanye umxholo wobugcisa, kunye nokuyekelela kakhulu, ukuvumela ukwanda kweendaba ezingeyonyani, ipropaganda eyingozi, kunye nokuhlukumeza. Ngenxa yengcinezelo kawonke-wonke, urhulumente nabathengisi, kule minyaka yakutshanje kubonakala ngathi kungqongqo gqitha, kukho imigaqo-nkqubo ecacileyo nonyanzeliso olungqongqo.
Isigqibo sikaYouTube sokunyenyisa indlela yaso sinokutolikwa njenge-pendulum eqala ukujikela kwelinye icala. Izizathu ezibangela olu tshintsho lunokwenzeka ngumbandela woqikelelo. Ngaba yimpendulo kuxinzelelo oluvela kumacandelo athile afuna "ukulawulwa" okuncinci kwi-Intanethi? Ngaba yinzame yokuphepha ukubanjiswa okusemthethweni okanye okusemthethweni okunxulumene nokususwa komxholo? Okanye ngaba kukho inkuthazo yentengiso, mhlawumbi enxulumene nomnqweno wokugcina abadali abavelisa umxholo ophikisanayo kodwa odumileyo?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni inkuthazo, ukunyenyiswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokumodareyitha kuthumela umyalezo okhathazayo, ngakumbi ngexesha apho ulwazi olungeyonyani kunye ne-polarization lufikelela kumanqanaba abalulekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Ngokubonisa ukuba umxholo othile onobungozi unokuhlala kwi-intanethi ukuba uthathwa ngokuba "usemdleni woluntu," u-YouTube usemngciphekweni wokungaqondanga ukuba ube sisikhulisa-sibabali esiyingozi phantsi komthi wengxoxo ekhuthazayo. Oku akuchaphazeli kuphela umgangatho wolwazi olukhoyo kwiqonga kodwa kunokuphelisa ukuthenjwa kwabasebenzisi kunye nabathengisi.
Iimpembelelo eziSebenzayo kunye neziphumo ezinokuthi zibe kho
Iimpembelelo ezibonakalayo zolu tshintsho zininzi. Kubamodareyitha bomxholo, umsebenzi osele unzima usiba nzima ngakumbi kwaye ube noxinzelelo. Ngoku kufuneka basebenze njengeejaji ze-impromptu "zomdla woluntu," uxanduva oludlula kude ukusetyenziswa okulula kwemithetho echazwe kwangaphambili. Oku kunokukhokelela ekunyanzelisweni komgaqo-nkqubo ngokungaguquguqukiyo kunye nokuphazamiseka okwandisiweyo phakathi kwabasebenzi abamodareyitha.
Kubenzi bomxholo, imbonakalo yomhlaba nayo iyatshintsha. Abanye banokuziva benesibindi sokuthumela izinto ebebecinga ukuba ziyingozi ngaphambili, bephonononga imida yoko kuvumelekileyo phantsi kwesikhokelo esitsha “somdla woluntu”. Abanye, nangona kunjalo, banokuxhalaba malunga nokwanda okunokwenzeka kwentetho yentiyo kunye nokuxhatshazwa eqongeni, okwenza okusingqongileyo kungakhuselekanga okanye kwamkeleke kuluntu oluhlelelekileyo okanye izihloko ezinobuzaza.
Abasebenzisi mhlawumbi ngabona bajongene nomngcipheko omkhulu. Iqonga elinemigaqo-nkqubo yokumodareyitha eyekelelayo linokubabhenca ngakumbi kulwazi olungachananga, ithiyori yeyelenqe, intetho yentiyo, kunye neminye imixholo enokuba yingozi. Ngelixa iqonga linokuthi likhuthaze ingxoxo evulekileyo, inyaniso kukuba asingabo bonke abasebenzisi abanezixhobo okanye ulwazi lokuqonda inyaniso okanye injongo emva kwevidiyo nganye abayibonayo. Abona bantu basemngciphekweni, abafana nolutsha okanye abo bangafundanga kangako, banokuchaphazeleka ngakumbi.
Ngaphaya koko, eli nyathelo likaYouTube lingamisela umzekelo oxhalabisayo kwamanye amaqonga edijithali. Ukuba enye yeeplatifomu ezinkulu kunye nezibonakalayo zikhulula imithetho yayo, ngaba abanye baya kulandela ukuphepha ukulahlekelwa ngababukeli okanye abadali? Oku kunokubangela ugqatso ukuya ezantsi ngokomodareyitha, kunye neziphumo ezibi kwi-intanethi yolwazi lwe-ecosystem xa iyonke.
Ikamva Lokumodareyitha Kwihlabathi EliziiPolarized
Ingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga nokumodareyithwa komxholo, kumbindi wayo, ingxoxo malunga nokuba ngubani olawula ingxelo kwindawo yedijithali kunye nendlela inkululeko yokuthetha ihambelana nesidingo sokukhusela uluntu kwingozi yangempela. Isigqibo sikaYouTube sokuthembela, ubuncinci ngokuyinxenye, kwinkululeko yokuthetha phantsi kwesambrela "yomdla woluntu" sibonisa uxinzelelo olujamelene nalo kwihlabathi eliya lisanda ngokwahlukeneyo, apho naziphi na iinzame zokulawula zikhawuleza ziphawulwe njengovavanyo ngabathile.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba inkululeko yokuthetha ayiphelelanga, nakwezona demokrasi zinamandla. Bekusoloko kukho imida, enjengokwalelwa kokuphembelela ugonyamelo, ukungcolisa igama, okanye ubuqhetseba. Amaqonga abucala, nangona engaxhomekekanga kwizithintelo ezifanayo njengoorhulumente, athwele uxanduva olukhulu lweenqobo ezisesikweni nezentlalo ngenxa yendima yawo ephambili njengabasasazi bolwazi kunye nabaququzeleli bonxibelelwano loluntu. Ukuvumela ukungachazi kakuhle kunye nentiyo ukuba ikhule egameni "lomdla woluntu" kunokuba sisizathu esiyingozi esijongela phantsi iziseko zoluntu olunolwazi nentlonipho.
Umceli mngeni weYouTube kunye namanye amaqonga ulele ekufumaneni indlela ekhusela inkululeko esemthethweni yokuthetha ngaphandle kokuba zizixhobo zokusasaza umxholo oyingozi. Oku kufuna ukubekwa elubala kwemigaqo-nkqubo yabo, ukungaguquguquki ekunyanzeliseni kwayo, utyalo-mali kumodareyitha olusebenzayo, kunye neengxoxo eziqhubekayo neengcali, abasebenzisi kunye noluntu. Ukuphumla kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokumodareyitha, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinobuthathaka njengezempilo kunye nentetho yentiyo, kubonakala ngathi linyathelo eliya kwicala elingalunganga, elinokuba nemiphumo ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yentetho kawonkewonke kwi-intanethi.
Ukuqukumbela, isigqibo sikaYouTube esixeliweyo sokunyenyisa imigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo, nangona sithetheleleka ngaphakathi "ngumdla woluntu," simele utshintsho olubonakalayo kumlo ochasene nolwazi olungelulo lwe-intanethi kunye nentiyo. Igxininisa ubunzima obukhoyo bokulungelelanisa inkululeko yokuthetha kunye nemfuno yendawo ekhuselekileyo yedijithali. Njengoko olu tshintsho luphunyeziwe, kuya kubaluleka ukujonga indlela echaphazela ngayo umgangatho womxholo kwiqonga kunye nokuba ezinye ii-tech giants zilandela indlela efanayo. Imiba iphezulu, kwaye iziphumo ezinokubakho zokumodareyitha okungangqongqo zinokufikelela kude ngaphaya kwesikrini.