M'dziko lothamanga kwambiri la nsanja za digito, ndondomeko zoyendetsera zinthu ndi malo omenyera nkhondo pomwe ufulu wolankhula, chitetezo cha ogwiritsa ntchito, komanso zokonda zamalonda zimasemphana. YouTube, chimphona cha kanema wapaintaneti, posachedwapa chakhala pakatikati pa zokambirana kutsatira malipoti owonetsa kusintha kwakukulu, koma osalankhula, pamachitidwe ake osavuta awa. Malinga ndi lipoti loyambirira la *The New York Times*, YouTube yatsitsimutsa malangizo ake mkati, ndikulangiza oyang'anira ake kuti asachotse zinthu zina zomwe, ngakhale zili m'malire kapena kuphwanya malamulo a nsanja, zimawonedwa ngati "zokonda za anthu." Kusintha kumeneku, komwe akuti kudayamba kugwira ntchito mu Disembala watha, kumadzutsa mafunso akulu okhudza tsogolo la kusanja pa intaneti komanso zotsatira zomwe zingachitike chifukwa choika patsogolo kufalitsa kuposa kuvulaza.
Kutembenuka Kwamkati ndi Kulungamitsidwa kwa "Public Interest"
Nkhani yoti YouTube yatsitsimutsa mfundo zake sizinabwere chifukwa cha kulengeza kwa anthu, koma zidawululidwa kudzera m'ma media media kutengera magwero amkati. Kusintha kwanzeru kumeneku, pakokha, ndikodabwitsa. Zimasonyeza kuti nsanja ikhoza kudziwa za mkangano umene chisankho chotero chingayambitse. Chofunikira pakusinthaku ndikulangiza owunikira kuti ayeze "mtengo waulere wolankhula" wa zomwe zili ndi "chiwopsezo chovulaza". Ngati zoyambazo zikuwoneka ngati zochulukira, zomwe zili pa intaneti zitha kukhalabe pa intaneti, ngakhale zitachotsedwa kale.
Kulungamitsidwa kumbuyo kwa njirayi kukuwoneka kuti kumakhazikika mu lingaliro lowoneka ngati labwino la "zofuna za anthu." Mwachidziwitso, izi zitha kuteteza zolemba zomwe zimakamba nkhani zovuta, nkhani zandale zotsutsana, kapena malipoti ofufuza omwe amawulula chowonadi chosasangalatsa. Komabe, zitsanzo zomwe zatchulidwa kuti zitha kupindula ndi mpumulowu, monga zabodza zachipatala ndi malankhulidwe achidani, ndizomwe zimakhudza kwambiri thanzi la anthu, ufulu wachibadwidwe, komanso akatswiri achitetezo pa intaneti. Mauthenga olakwika azachipatala, monga tawonera momvetsa chisoni panthawi ya mliri, amatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa padziko lapansi. Komano, mawu achidani, samangokhumudwitsa; nthawi zambiri imayala maziko a tsankho, kuzunza, ndipo pamapeto pake, chiwawa.
Funso lalikulu lomwe limabuka ndilakuti: Ndani amatanthauzira tanthauzo la "zofuna za anthu," ndipo kodi "mtengo wa ufulu wolankhula" umayesedwa bwanji motsutsana ndi "ngozi yovulazidwa"? Ntchitoyi ndi yovuta kwambiri komanso yokhazikika. Kudalira kutanthauzira kwa owunikira payekha, ngakhale kutsatira malangizo amkati, kumatsegula chitseko cha kusagwirizana ndi kukondera. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthamanga komwe zinthu zimafalikira pamapulatifomu akulu ngati YouTube kumatanthauza kuti ngakhale kwakanthawi kochepa pa intaneti kungakhale kokwanira kuvulaza kwambiri chisankho chomaliza chisanapangidwe.
Kusamala Kwambiri: Pendulum Yomwe Imasinthasintha Kwambiri?
Kwa zaka zambiri, nsanja zazikulu zamatekinoloje zakhala zikulimbana ndi zovuta zowongolera zomwe zili padziko lonse lapansi. Iwo akudzudzulidwa chifukwa chokhala okhwimitsa zinthu kwambiri, kuletsa mawu ovomerezeka kapena zaluso, komanso kulekerera kwambiri, kulola kufalikira kwa nkhani zabodza, zokopa monyanyira, komanso zachipongwe. Poyankha kukakamizidwa kwa anthu, boma, ndi otsatsa, zomwe zikuchitika m'zaka zaposachedwa zawoneka kukhala zochepetsetsa, ndi mfundo zomveka bwino komanso kukakamiza kwambiri.
Lingaliro la YouTube lopumula njira yake limatha kutanthauziridwa ngati pendulum yomwe ikuyamba kutembenukira kwina. Zifukwa zomwe zingayambitse kusinthaku ndi nkhani yongopeka. Kodi ndikuyankha kukakamizidwa ndi magulu ena omwe akufuna "kuwunika" pa intaneti? Kodi ndikuyesera kupewa mikangano yazamalamulo kapena yamalamulo yokhudzana ndi kuchotsa zinthu? Kapena kodi pali zolimbikitsa zamalonda, mwina zokhudzana ndi chikhumbo chofuna kusunga opanga omwe amatulutsa mikangano koma yotchuka?
Mosasamala kanthu za chilimbikitso, kupumula kwa ndondomeko zochepetsera kumapereka uthenga wovutitsa, makamaka panthawi yomwe mauthenga olakwika ndi polarization akufika pamlingo wovuta kwambiri m'madera ambiri padziko lapansi. Powonetsa kuti zinthu zina zovulaza zitha kukhalabe pa intaneti ngati zitha kukhala "zokomera anthu," YouTube imatha kukhala pachiwopsezo chokulitsa nkhani zovulaza mosasamala chifukwa choyambitsa mikangano. Izi sizimangokhudza kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chomwe chilipo papulatifomu komanso zitha kusokoneza kudalira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi otsatsa.
Zomwe Zingachitike ndi Zotsatira zake
Zotsatira za kusinthaku ndi zazikulu. Kwa oyang'anira zomwe zili, ntchito yovuta kale imakhala yosamvetsetseka komanso yodetsa nkhawa. Ayenera tsopano kukhala oweruza osakonzekera a "zokonda za anthu," udindo womwe umaposa kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo ofotokozedwatu. Izi zingayambitse kusakhazikika kwa ndondomeko komanso kukhumudwa kwakukulu pakati pa ogwira ntchito.
Kwa opanga zinthu, mawonekedwe akusinthanso. Ena atha kukhala olimba mtima kuti atumize zinthu zomwe akadaziwona ngati zowopsa, ndikuwunika malire a zomwe zili zololedwa pansi pa chitsogozo chatsopano cha "zokonda za anthu". Ena, komabe, atha kuda nkhawa ndi kuchuluka kwa malankhulidwe achidani ndi kuzunzidwa papulatifomu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chisakhale chotetezeka kapena kulandilidwa kwa anthu omwe alibe tsankho kapena mitu yovuta.
Ogwiritsa ntchito mwina ndi omwe akukumana ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Pulatifomu yokhala ndi mfundo zodekha kwambiri imatha kuwawonetsa zambiri zabodza, zonena zachiwembu, mawu achidani, ndi zina zomwe zingakhale zovulaza. Ngakhale nsanja inganene kuti imalimbikitsa mkangano wotseguka, chowonadi ndichakuti si onse ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi zida kapena chidziwitso chozindikira chowonadi kapena cholinga chakumbuyo kwavidiyo iliyonse yomwe amawonera. Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, monga achinyamata kapena omwe sakudziwa bwino za digito, atha kukhala pachiwopsezo.
Kuphatikiza apo, kusunthaku kwa YouTube kutha kukhala chitsanzo chodetsa nkhawa pamapulatifomu ena a digito. Ngati imodzi mwa nsanja zazikulu komanso zowoneka bwino imasula malamulo ake, kodi ena angatsatire kuti asataye owonera kapena opanga? Izi zitha kuchititsa mpikisano wofika pansi kwambiri, ndi zotsatira zoyipa pazachilengedwe zonse zapaintaneti.
Tsogolo Laling'ono M'dziko Lopanda Maonekedwe
Mtsutso wokhudza kusamalitsa zomwe zili mkati mwake, m'mawu ake, kukambirana za yemwe amawongolera nkhani mu digito ndi momwe ufulu wofotokozera umayenderana ndi kufunikira koteteza anthu kuvulazidwa kwenikweni. Lingaliro la YouTube lotsamira, ngakhale pang'ono, ku ufulu wolankhula pansi pa ambulera ya "zokonda za anthu" zikuwonetsa zovuta zomwe anthu akukumana nazo m'dziko lomwe likuchulukirachulukira, pomwe kuyesa kulikonse kumatchedwa censorship ndi ena.
Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti ufulu wolankhula siwotheratu, ngakhale m'mademokalase amphamvu kwambiri. Nthaŵi zonse pakhala pali malire, monga kuletsa kusonkhezera chiwawa, kuipitsa mbiri, kapena chinyengo. Mapulatifomu achinsinsi, ngakhale kuti alibe zoletsa zofanana ndi maboma, ali ndi udindo waukulu wamakhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu chifukwa cha udindo wawo waukulu monga ogawa zidziwitso ndi kutsogolera kulumikizana ndi anthu. Kulola kuti chidziwitso ndi chidani chichuluke m'dzina la "zokonda za anthu" kungakhale zifukwa zowopsa zomwe zimawononga maziko a anthu odziwa zambiri komanso aulemu.
Vuto la YouTube ndi nsanja zina lagona pakupeza njira yomwe imateteza ufulu wovomerezeka wolankhula popanda kukhala zida zofalitsira zinthu zoyipa. Izi zimafuna kuwonekera poyera m'malamulo awo, kusasinthika pakukakamira kwawo, kuyika ndalama moyenera, ndikukambirana mosalekeza ndi akatswiri, ogwiritsa ntchito, ndi mabungwe aboma. Kupumula kwa mfundo zochepetsetsa, makamaka m'malo ovuta kwambiri monga thanzi ndi mawu achidani, zikuwoneka ngati sitepe yolakwika, yomwe ingakhale ndi zotsatira zazikulu pa thanzi la nkhani zapagulu pa intaneti.
Pomaliza, lingaliro la YouTube loti asinthe malamulo ake osamalirira, ngakhale kuti zalungamitsidwa mkati ndi "zokonda za anthu," zikuyimira kusintha kwakukulu pakulimbana ndi zabodza komanso chidani pa intaneti. Ikugogomezera zavuto lachilengedwe la kulinganiza ufulu wolankhula ndi kufunikira kwa malo otetezeka a digito. Kusintha uku kukuchitika, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe zimakhudzira zomwe zili papulatifomu komanso ngati zimphona zina zaukadaulo zimatsata njira yofananira. Mavutowa ndi ochuluka, ndipo zotsatira zomwe zingatheke chifukwa chochepetsera pang'onopang'ono zingathe kufika patali kwambiri.